BIOCHEMICAL CONTROL OF ATHLETES’ CONDITION
Objective
Control and assessment of the athlete’s condition on blood and urine biochemistry parameters.
Aims
- Identification of critical values indicating the risks of worsening of the state of athlete within the current stage of training / full cycle training.
- Recommendations for improvement of critical parameters (methods for adjustment of structure and types of workouts, pharmacological management, methods of recovery).
- Consultations for morphological follow-up of athlete’s body parameters: what methods of control should be used, where and in which way, evaluation of results with time versus previous assessments and conclusion on the current condition, recommendations for the next stage of training to improve the morphological status of the athlete.
- Potential morphological examination within the framework of athletic training, involving our experts.
TECHNOLOGY
Blood/urea biochemistry tests in the contest of the training/competition schedule.
SETS OF PARAMETERS:
- Blood – clinical blood analysis, AST, ALT, cholesterol, magnesium, calcium, glucose, urea, testosterone, cortisol, STH;
- Urea – ketones, glucose, cortisol, testosterone, somatotropin.
NOTE: This is a typical list of parameters, to be individualized for each athlete with account for his/her personal parameters and level of training (gender, age, type of sports, qualification, training program etc.).
INTERPRETATION OF BIOCHEMISTRY TEST RESULTS
Routine blood biochemistry follow-up enables early detection of potential problems with the training program followed. In its turn, it enables recommendation of the ways to improve the problems (adjusting the training program and using medical, biological and pharmacological methods).
1. BLOOD HEMATOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
full blood cell count (WBC and RBC) |
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PARAMETERS | VALUE/REFERENCE | RECOMMENDATIONS | |
RED BLOOD CELLS: RBC count, characteristics, hematocrit, hemoglobin, reticulocytes. These parameters help determine the ability of blood to carry oxygen and enable endurance. |
RBCs | LOW
(with hemoglobin, Fe and reticulocytes) -low endurance. |
-haemostimulation program;
-magnetic therapy. |
HIGH
(with hemoglobin, hematocrit, and Fe) – impaired elasticity and contractility of muscle fibers. |
– correction of water electrolytic balance and water intake regime;
– pressure therapy (lymphatic drainage stimulating massage). |
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RETICULOCYTES
Immature RBCs, not providing the transport of oxygen. Mature to RBCs within a few days. Reticulocyte count is a predictor of the time for endurance recovery |
LOW
impaired endurance, and poor recovery. |
-haemostimulation program;
-magnetic therapy. |
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HIGH
high grade of endurance recovery. |
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HEMATOCRIT
(tested with other RBC values). Density of erythrocyte count in vessels. |
LOW
– impaired ability of blood to carry oxygen and low endurance. |
– correction of water electrolytic balance and water intake regime; | |
HIGH
-high blood viscosity and slow flow (“heaviness in muscles”). |
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HEMOGLOBIN
(tested with other RBC values). An RBC protein responsible for oxygen transport and providing endurance. |
LOW
– impaired endurance leads to decreased functioning. |
-haemostimulation program. | |
PLATELETS | LOW
– blood coagulation problems. |
– pressure therapy (lymphatic drainage stimulating massage). | |
HIGH
– increased viscosity, risk of thrombosis, impaired haemocirculation. |
-magnetic therapy;
– pressure therapy (lymphatic drainage stimulating massage). |
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ESR
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (reaction)
|
>ULN
– inflammatory process. |
-medical and clinical diagnostic for therapy. | |
WBCs:
Total WBC count and WBC differential (neutrophils, lymphocytes, B and T cells, monocytes, eosinophils). |
WBC abnormalities are a sign of immune system impairment (see PARAMETERS OF IMMUNITY. |
2. PARAMETERS OF IMMUNITY | ||
PARAMETERS | VALUE/REFERENCE | RECOMMENDATIONS |
LEUKOCYTES | OUTSIDE THE SPECIFICATION
(WBC differential – quantitative parameters of white blood cells); – impaired blood ability to neutralize bacteria, risk of immunity impairment including immune system shock.
|
Cell diagnostic of WBC distribution and antibody spectrum analysis. |
LYMPHOCYTES | LOW
– immune system impairment and increased risk of bacterial and viral infections. |
– program of immune correction. |
EOSINOPHILS | HIGH
– indicate the risk of acute allergy or relapse of chronic allergic conditions. |
– detection of allergen;
– antihistamine therapy. |
3. METABOLIC INDICATORS: | ||
AST | HIGH
(with CFK) – myocardial overpressure. |
– programs of recovery:
antioxidant, physiotherapy etc. |
ALT | HIGH
– liver overpressure. |
– cleanup current/deep cleanups (for complete removal of slag and improvement of liver and biliary system metabolism). |
CFK | HIGH
(with urea) – skeletal muscle overstress. |
– program for increasing / maintenance of
muscle mass. |
UREA | HIGH
– decreased recovery rate. |
– program for increasing / maintenance of
muscle mass; – correction of the basic diet. |
LACTATE
lactic acid |
HIGH
– decreased recovery rate. |
– programs of recovery:
antioxidant, physiotherapy. |
GLUCOSE | LOW
– impaired endurance, higher nervous function impairment; – control of insulin level. |
– correction of the basic diet (carbohydrate saturation – a special nutrition method, with initially limited consumption of carbohydrates and physical loads to burn excessive carbohydrates, and then body reload with carbohydrates with special diet, food supplements, and perfusions). |
HIGH
-overload of the insulin system, low energy supply; – control of insulin level. |
– correction of the basic diet;
-fat lowering program. |
|
MAGNESIUM | LOW
– muscle hypertonia and excessive stress of skeletal muscles and myocardium. |
– correction of water electrolytic balance and water intake regime; |
CALCIUM | LOW
– excessive stress of muscular-skeletal system, risk of injuries. |
– osteo-chondroprotection program. |
IRON | LOW
– risk of anemia and low endurance. |
-haemostimulation program. |
4. HORMONAL PARAMETERS | ||
PARAMETERS | VALUE/REFERENCE | RECOMMENDATIONS |
TESTOSTERONE (Т) | LOW
– low strength and speed-strength qualities. |
– program for increasing / maintenance of muscle mass. |
HIGH
– hormonal impairment, high risk of anti-doping sanctions. |
– endocrinological examination;
– Androgenic profile assessment. |
|
CORTISOL (C) | HIGH (catabolism)
– body weight and muscle mass decreased. |
– program for increasing / maintenance of muscle mass. |
T/C RATIO | LOW (negative trend)
– low performance. |
– stress prevention program. |
NORMAL or >ULN
(high performance) |
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THYROID HORMONES | <LLN (hypothyroidism)
– increased fat mass, impaired performance. |
– endocrinological examination;
– correction of diet; – body weight lowering programs. |
> ULN (hyperthyroidism)
-decreased body weight, psycho-emotional tone impaired. |
– endocrinological examination;
– correction of diet. |
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5. BIOLOGICAL MATURATION | ||
SOMATOTROPIN (STH) | LOW (negative trend)
– decreased rate of growth (suspended maturation and delayed / cessation of body growth). |
– morphological examination;
– biological maturation correction programs. |
T/STH RATIO | HIGH (positive trend)
– decreased rate of growth (suspended maturation and delayed / cessation of body growth). |
– morphological examination;
– biological maturation correction programs. |